![]() For a fascinating look at the problems that Marxism and its successors have with morality and its inherent relativism, see Steven Lukes, Marxism and Morality, Oxford, 1985. ![]() For a critique of Marxism and its progressive derivatives, see Carlo Lancellotti, “The Dead End of the Left? Augusto Del Noce’s Critique of Modern Politics”, in Commonweal, Apas well as Augusto Del Noce, The Crisis of Modernity. Koyzis, Political Visions and Illusions: A Survey and Critique of Contemporary Ideologies, 2 nd edition, IVP, 2019. For a critique of all the more political manifestations of these secular justice theories, see David T. For a critique of the secular, individualistic “social contract theory” of government on which Libertarianism and Liberalism rely, see Nancy Pearcey, Total Truth: Liberating Christianity from its Cultural Captivity, Crossway, 2004, 138-140 279-283. For a critique of Liberalism see Patrick Deneen, Why Liberalism Failed, Yale, 2019 and Philip Rieff, The Triumph of the Therapeutic, University of Chicago, 1966. For more thorough critiques of Libertarianism and Utilitarianism, see Robert Bellah, et al, Habits of the Heart: Individualism and Commitment in American Life, With a New Preface, University of California, 2007. My critiques of these secular justice theories are deliberately short and somewhat over-simplified for pedagogical purposes. And as a result they all have severe weaknesses. However, they do rest on elements of worldview, that are, on underlying accounts of human nature (individualistic or collectivistic) of epistemology-how we know truth-and of ethics that leave out the existence of God. I am not saying that any of these ideologies or theories are themselves fully coherent “worldviews” (see footnote 3 below). Introductory note: In a previous article I argued that all the secular political options and justice theories, from “right” to “left”-Libertarianism, Liberalism, Utilitarianism, Progressivism-are grounded in reductionistic worldviews. ![]()
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